Biometrics
Unique physiological data of an applicant — fingerprints, a facial photograph and sometimes an iris scan — collected to verify identity and issue documents.
Biometrics are the unique physiological characteristics of a person (fingerprints, a facial image and sometimes an iris scan) used to identify an individual precisely. In migration procedures, collecting biometric data confirms that an applicant is who they claim to be and enables the issuance of a biometric passport, ID card or residence card.
Biometrics are usually captured when applying for a residence permit, permanent residence or citizenship — at an accredited visa centre, consulate, embassy or the relevant authority. This normally requires the applicant's personal presence, which links the step to the physical-presence requirement. The procedure, the data collected and the place of capture depend on the country and the specific program.
The collected data is checked against government and international databases as part of applicant vetting and is then usually written to a secure chip in the document. Rules on the storage, use and protection of biometric data differ by jurisdiction and are governed by local data-protection law.
“Biometrics is the one step nobody can complete on your behalf. Come with your hands in good shape — fresh cuts, calluses or henna ruin fingerprints, and applicants get sent back for a second appointment.”
Levan Pogosov — LawyerFAQ
Can biometrics be given without travelling to the country?
In many cases they are captured at a consulate, visa center or authorized partner abroad, while some programs require attendance in-country. The options depend on the country and the stage of the application.
At what age do children give biometrics?
Requirements are age-dependent: younger children are usually only photographed, with fingerprints taken from a set age. The thresholds are fixed by each country's legislation.
What if fingerprints cannot be captured for medical reasons?
There is normally a procedure for cases where enrollment is temporarily or permanently impossible, based on medical evidence and alternative identification. The process is defined by the rules of the country concerned.
Is biometric data shared with other states?
Sharing can occur under international agreements, shared databases within regional blocs, and security screening. The extent of exchange is governed by the laws and treaties of the countries involved.
Will biometrics be taken again when the status is renewed?
Often yes — data is refreshed when a card is reissued or a permit renewed, since facial images and documents have limited validity. The frequency depends on the country and the document type.