Residence and permanent residence
Europe, the Americas and Africa: golden visas, business and financially independent routes, tax regimes.
Programmes
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AndorraAndorra residence permit: passive residence (residència sense activitat lucrativa)
Andorra passive residence under Law 2/2026: investment from EUR 1,000,000 (EUR 400,000 Housing Fund), non-refundable AFA payment EUR 50,000, 90 days a year, 10% tax.
- Status
- Residence without the right to work
- Investment 2026
- from EUR 1,000,000
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ArmeniaArmenia residence permit for business owners and investors: temporary and permanent status
Armenia residence via your own company: temporary status, permanent residence, 30-day decision, family, citizenship after 3 years. Rules change from 1 November 2026.
- Status
- Residence: temporary → permanent
- Basis
- Your own business
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AustriaAustria residence permit for the financially independent
Austria settlement permit without work: income from EUR 2,616.78 a month per applicant, annual quota by province, A1 German, housing, insurance. Family; PR after 5 years.
- Status
- Niederlassungsbewilligung
- Income 2026
- from EUR 2,616.78 a month
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BrazilBrazil residence permit through real estate from BRL 1,000,000
Brazil residence permit for urban real estate from BRL 1,000,000 (BRL 700,000 in the North and Northeast): 4 years, then indefinite, family and parents, citizenship.
- Status
- Residence for 4 years
- Threshold
- from BRL 1,000,000
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CyprusCyprus permanent residence by investment from EUR 300,000: Category 6(2) in 2026
Cyprus permanent residence from EUR 300,000 in new property, commercial real estate, a company or a fund: income from EUR 50,000 a year, family in one file, for life.
- Status
- Permanent residence (Immigration Permit)
- Threshold 2026
- from EUR 300,000
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FranceFrance residence permit for entrepreneurs and business founders (the 'talent – porteur de projet' card)
France entrepreneur residence permit: 'talent – porteur de projet' card for up to 4 years, project funding from EUR 30,000, means from EUR 22,404 a year, family may work.
- Status
- Residence permit (carte de séjour pluriannuelle 'talent – porteur de projet')
- Project funding
- from EUR 30,000
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FranceFrance residence permit for financially independent people (the 'visiteur' card)
France 'visiteur' residence permit without work or investment: means from EUR 17,735.19 a year (EUR 1,477.93/month), renewed yearly, family, resident card after 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit (carte de séjour temporaire 'visiteur')
- Means threshold 2026
- from EUR 17,735.19 a year
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GreeceGreece Golden Visa: residence by property investment from EUR 250,000 — 2026 thresholds by zone
Greece Golden Visa: a 5-year permit for one property — EUR 800,000 in Athens and the islands, EUR 400,000 elsewhere, EUR 250,000 for conversions. No stay requirement.
- Status
- Investor residence permit (art. 100 Migration Code)
- Threshold 2026
- from EUR 250,000
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HungaryHungary Golden Visa: a 10-year residence permit under the Guest Investor Programme
Hungary 10-year residence under the Guest Investor Programme: fund units from EUR 250,000 or a EUR 1,000,000 donation, 21-day decision, no minimum stay, family, 15% tax.
- Status
- 10-year residence permit
- Investment
- from EUR 250,000
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HungaryHungary residence permit through a company: business residence for founders and directors
Hungary residence for the founder and director of a Hungarian company (Kft): capital from HUF 3,000,000, real business, 21-day decision, 1-year permit, 3 years, family.
- Status
- 1-year residence permit
- Company
- Kft from HUF 3,000,000
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ItalyItaly Investor Visa: residence by investment from EUR 250,000 in a start-up, EUR 500,000 in a company or EUR 2,000,000 in government bonds
Italy Investor Visa: EUR 2m in government bonds, EUR 500,000 in a company, EUR 250,000 in a start-up or EUR 1m donation. Decision in 30 days, 2 + 3-year permit, family.
- Status
- Investor residence permit
- Investment
- from EUR 250,000
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ItalyItaly residence permit for the financially independent (Residenza Elettiva): passive income from EUR 31,000 a year, no work and no investment
Italy residence permit without work (Residenza Elettiva): passive income from EUR 31,000 a year, a home in Italy, visa within 90 days, family, EU residence after 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit (permesso di soggiorno per residenza elettiva)
- Income threshold
- from EUR 31,000 a year
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ItalyItaly residence permit through a representative office of a foreign company: manager status under Article 27, outside quotas and without investment
Italy residence permit for the manager of a foreign company's representative office: no quotas, no investment, permit up to 2 years, assignment up to 5 years, family.
- Status
- Employment permit (Art. 27(1)(a))
- Investment
- none required
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KazakhstanKazakhstan residence by investment through the AIFC: investor visa and tax residency
Kazakhstan 5-year investor visa via the AIFC (ITRP): from USD 60,000 in AIX securities, tax residency after 90 days, family; 10-year golden visa from USD 300,000.
- Status
- A5 investor visa for 5 years
- Investment
- from USD 60,000
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MaltaMalta Permanent Residence Programme (MPRP): permanent residence in the EU for the whole family
Malta permanent residence (MPRP): EUR 60,000 fee, EUR 37,000 contribution, home from EUR 375,000 or rent from EUR 14,000 a year, four generations, no expiry.
- Status
- Permanent residence certificate
- Government payments
- EUR 99,000
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MaltaMalta residence under the Global Residence Programme (GRP): a 15% rate on foreign income
Malta GRP: 15% on foreign income remitted to Malta, minimum tax EUR 15,000 a year, home from EUR 275,000 or rent from EUR 9,600 if you apply by 31.12.2026. Not MPRP.
- Status
- Special tax status + residence permit
- Tax
- 15% on foreign income
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MauritiusMauritius residence permit through property purchase from USD 375,000
Mauritius residence on buying a home from USD 375,000 in PDS, IRS, RES, Smart City or G+2 projects: status while you own, spouse and children under 24, no work permit.
- Status
- Residence for as long as you own
- Threshold
- from USD 375,000
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MonacoMonaco residence permit: the carte de séjour through housing and a bank file
Monaco residence without a ‘programme’: the carte de séjour on proof of housing, funds and a French type D visa. Cards for 1, 3 and 10 years, 0% income tax, family.
- Status
- Carte de séjour temporaire
- Investment
- None in law
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NetherlandsNetherlands residence for entrepreneurs: the self-employed permit
Dutch residence through your own business: RVO points test, permit of up to 2 years, IND decision in 90 days, family included, permanent residence after 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit: self-employed
- Threshold
- RVO points, not a sum
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New ZealandNew Zealand Residence by Investment: the Active Investor Plus Visa
New Zealand resident visa for investors and families: from NZD 5m for 3 years or NZD 10m for 5 years, no English test, permanent residence after the investment period.
- Status
- Resident Visa
- Investment
- From NZD 5 million
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OmanOman Investor Residency: 10-year Golden Residency from OMR 200,000 for a company, property, bonds or a deposit
Oman Golden Residency: 10 years for an investment from OMR 200,000 in a company, property in tourism complexes, bonds, shares or a deposit. Family without limits.
- Status
- Golden Residency for 10 years
- Threshold
- from OMR 200,000
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ParaguayParaguay Permanent Residency: 2-year temporary residence, then permanent
Paraguay PR under Law 6984/2022: temporary residence for up to 2 years, then permanent with no expiry, 2026 DNM fees, family and the court route to citizenship.
- Status
- temporary → permanent residence
- DNM fee 2026
- PYG 2,926,925
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PortugalPortugal D7 Visa: residence on passive income — 2026 requirements
Portugal D7 visa for retirees and passive-income earners: income from EUR 920 a month, a 2-year permit renewed for 3, family alongside you, PR after 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit (D7 visa → AIMA card)
- Income threshold 2026
- from EUR 920 a month
- Portugal
Portugal Golden Visa through an investment fund: residence for EUR 500,000 without property
Portugal residence through an investment fund (Golden Visa, ARI): EUR 500,000 in a regulated non-property fund, 7 days a year, family in one file, PR after 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit (ARI, art. 90-A)
- Investment
- from EUR 500,000
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PortugalPortugal Golden Visa through business: residence for job creation or EUR 500,000 in company capital
Portugal residence (ARI) through business: 10 jobs (8 in low-density areas) or EUR 500,000 in a Portuguese company with 5 jobs. 2-year card, 7 days a year, family.
- Status
- Residence permit for investment activity (ARI)
- Basis
- 10 jobs or EUR 500,000
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PortugalPortugal Golden Visa through cultural investment: residence from EUR 250,000
Portugal residence (ARI) for a EUR 250,000 contribution to culture and heritage (EUR 200,000 in low-density areas): 7 days a year, 2-year card, family, PR in 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit for investment activity (ARI)
- Investment
- from EUR 250,000
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PortugalPortugal Golden Visa: residence by investment from EUR 250,000 — every route in 2026
Portugal Golden Visa (ARI): residence from EUR 250,000 in culture or EUR 500,000 in a fund, research or business. 7 days a year, family in one file, PR after 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit (ARI, art. 90-A)
- Threshold 2026
- from EUR 250,000
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SerbiaSerbia residence permit through your own company or residential property: unified permit for up to 3 years, permanent residence after 3 years
Serbia residence permit via your own company or home: up to 3 years, decision in 30 days, fee RSD 23,450, family, permanent residence after 3 years, taxes 10–15 %.
- Status
- Residence permit (privremeni boravak)
- Basis
- Your own company or a home
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SlovakiaSlovakia residence permit through business: your own company or sole trader status and an entrepreneur's residence permit
Slovakia residence permit through business: sole trader or your own s.r.o., business funds from EUR 5,904 or 29,522, permit up to 3 years, family, decision in 90 days.
- Status
- Residence permit (prechodný pobyt na účel podnikania)
- Business funds 2026
- from EUR 5,904.40 / 29,522
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SpainSpain residence permit without the right to work for the financially independent (Non-Lucrative Visa)
Spain Non-Lucrative Visa for the financially independent: savings or passive income from EUR 28,800 a year, no work, 1-year permit renewed for 2, family, PR in 5 years.
- Status
- Residence permit without the right to work (residencia temporal no lucrativa)
- Funds in 2026
- from EUR 28,800 a year
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SwitzerlandSwiss residence permit through lump-sum taxation (expenditure-based taxation)
Swiss residence for financially independent families: tax on expenditure instead of income, federal minimum base CHF 435,000 a year, no mandatory investment, B permit.
- Status
- Residence permit (B)
- Tax base 2026
- from CHF 435,000 a year
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United Arab EmiratesUAE Golden Visa: 10-year residence for property from AED 2,000,000, a deposit, a business or a qualification
UAE Golden Visa: 10-year residence for property from AED 2,000,000 (mortgage and off-plan allowed), a deposit or a company. No age limit for children, 0% income tax.
- Status
- Golden Residence for 10 years
- Threshold 2026
- from AED 2,000,000
The team who will handle your case
Owner, regional partners, the migration consulting and case management department and senior experts. These are the people you will speak to on the phone and meet in the office.
4 offices
Moscow, Dubai, New Delhi and Mumbai. Visit an office and see who is working with you.
Membership
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Garant IN is a member of the Investment Migration Council (IMC), the Geneva-based international association of the investment migration industry. investmentmigration.org
- 2015
International migration consultancy since 2015.